Wednesday, September 2, 2015

What is Atherosclerosis and How Does it Affect the Body?

Atherosclerosis, also known as Ateriosclerotic Vascular Disease (ASVD), is a disease that results when an excessive buildup of plaque forms and adheres to the lining of the body’s arteries.  As the plaque lingers, it begins to harden, causing these blood vessels to narrow and restrict blood flow from the heart to the body’s tissues and organs. This limited ability to receive oxygenated blood can cause serious cardiovascular complications such as strokes, myocardial infarctions and even death if not treated properly or in a timely manner.  
   
ASVD begins to form when the endothelium, a thin layer of cells lining the lumen of the artery, is damaged.  Damage to the endothelium can result from high blood pressure, smoking, or high cholesterol levels. The impaired layer allows LDL cholesterol to accumulate along the wall.  In response to this foreign buildup, the body sends white blood cells called macrophages to act as a defense system and rid the body of the cholesterol. However, what was initially meant as good can lead to bad.  Occasionally, some of the macrophages will remain in the damaged area, and as they conglomerate with the cholesterol, plaque begins to form.  The continual presence and flow of blood through the artery contributes other substances such as fat and calcium to the buildup.  While the limited flow of blood through the body is unsafe, the true danger occurs when a piece of plaque breaks away or when a thrombus forms.  If either of these blocks the artery, the flow of blood discontinues, significantly reducing the oxygen supply to the body.  Were this to occur in either of the two coronary arteries, the heart is deprived of oxygen and undergoes cardiac ischemia.  Prolonged, the tissues of the heart die and myocardial infarction occurs.  Further, the same idea is applied when the brain’s arteries are blocked, and the brain receives an insufficient supply of oxygen.  Without the essential oxygen, the brain tissue dies and a stroke ensues.   


While atherosclerosis might initially seem trivial, it has the potential to substantially affect your health. So the question is, will you let it?


For more information visit the link below:




“Atherosclerosis – 3D Animation || ABP ©.” YouTube. YouTube, n.d. Web. 04 Sept. 2015.
Rooke, Jennifer. Atherosclerosis. Digital image. Advanced Lifestyle Medicine. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Sept. 2015. 

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